![]() far less range – GSM or CDMA cell phones can connect reliably at > 16 km (10 mi) distances the range of GSM, imposed by the parameters of time-division multiple access, is set at 35 km (22 mi).poor signal penetration – 2.4 GHz connections are effectively limited to line of sight or soft obstacles.While Wi-Fi hotspots are ubiquitous in urban areas, some rural areas use more powerful longer-range transceivers as alternatives to cell ( GSM, CDMA) or fixed wireless ( Motorola Canopy and other 900 MHz) applications. Long-range Wi-Fi especially in the 2.4 GHz band (as the shorter-range higher-bit-rate 5.8 GHz bands become popular alternatives to wired LAN connections) have proliferated with specialist devices. ![]() Since the development of the IEEE 802.11 radio standard (marketed under the Wi-Fi brand name), the technology has become markedly less expensive and achieved higher bit rates. Outdoor point-to-point arrangements, through use of directional antennas, can be extended with many kilometers between stations. A typical wireless router in an indoor point-to-multipoint arrangement using 802.11n and a stock antenna might have a range of 50 metres (160 ft) or less. Wi-Fi networks have a range that's limited by the frequency, transmission power, antenna type, the location they're used in, and the environment. Long-range Wi-Fi is used for low-cost, unregulated point-to-point computer network connections, as an alternative to other fixed wireless, cellular networks or satellite Internet access. JSTOR ( June 2010) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification.
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